# Sanitary Pads Raw Material Composition and Properties

Sanitary pads are essential personal care products designed to provide comfort and hygiene during menstruation. Understanding the raw materials used in their production is crucial for evaluating their quality, safety, and environmental impact. This article delves into the composition and properties of the primary raw materials used in sanitary pads.

## 1. Absorbent Core

The absorbent core is the heart of a sanitary pad, responsible for absorbing menstrual fluid. It is typically made from a combination of the following materials:

– **Wood Pulp**: A natural, biodegradable material that provides excellent absorbency. It is often blended with synthetic materials to enhance performance.
– **Superabsorbent Polymers (SAP)**: These are synthetic materials that can absorb and retain large amounts of liquid relative to their own mass. SAPs are highly effective in preventing leakage.

## 2. Top Sheet

The top sheet is the layer that comes into direct contact with the skin. It must be soft, comfortable, and allow for quick liquid penetration. Common materials include:

– **Nonwoven Fabrics**: Made from synthetic fibers like polypropylene or polyethylene, nonwoven fabrics are lightweight, breathable, and soft.
– **Perforated Films**: These are thin plastic films with tiny holes that allow liquid to pass through while keeping the surface dry.

## 3. Back Sheet

The back sheet is the outermost layer of the sanitary pad, designed to prevent leakage and provide a barrier against moisture. Materials used include:

– **Polyethylene Films**: These are waterproof and provide an effective barrier against leaks. They are also flexible and comfortable.
– **Breathable Films**: These films allow air to pass through while still preventing liquid leakage, enhancing comfort and reducing the risk of skin irritation.

## 4. Adhesives

Adhesives are used to secure the sanitary pad in place. They must be strong enough to hold the pad securely but gentle enough to avoid skin irritation. Common types include:

– **Hot Melt Adhesives**: These are applied in a molten state and solidify upon cooling, providing a strong bond.
– **Pressure-Sensitive Adhesives**: These adhesives stick to surfaces upon application of light pressure and are commonly used for the wings of sanitary pads.

## 5. Fragrances and Additives

Some sanitary pads include fragrances or additives to mask odors or provide additional comfort. However, these can sometimes cause skin irritation or allergic reactions in sensitive individuals. Common additives include:

– **Fragrance Oils**: Used to impart a pleasant scent.
– **Aloe Vera or Chamomile Extracts**: Added for their soothing properties.

## Properties of Sanitary Pad Materials

The materials used in sanitary pads must possess specific properties to ensure they perform effectively and safely:

– **Absorbency**: The ability to quickly absorb and retain menstrual fluid.
– **Softness**: Ensuring comfort and preventing skin irritation.
– **Breathability**: Allowing air to circulate to reduce moisture buildup and discomfort.
– **Flexibility**: Adapting to body movements for a secure fit.
– **Biodegradability**: Some materials, like wood pulp, are biodegradable, making them more environmentally friendly.

In conclusion, the raw materials used in sanitary pads are carefully selected to balance performance, comfort, and safety. Understanding their composition and properties can help consumers make informed choices and manufacturers improve product quality and sustainability.